The birth control pill has been the most popular form of birth control since its debut in the 1960s. It consists of a woman taking one pill a day, at the same time every day, for either 21 days or 28 days. The pill is designed to stop ovulation and prevents eggs from being released from the woman’s ovaries. Synthetic hormones of estrogen and progesterone in each pill are what stops ovulation from occurring. In addition, the hormones work to thicken cervical mucus. However, there are many risks with using hormonal birth control such as the pill.
Side Effects From the Pill
Most women only experience a handful of side effects from the birth control pill. Irregular bleeding, water retention and weight gain are common side effects. Mood changes and breast tenderness also affect women who begin to take the birth control pill. A significant amount of women have also reported a decrease in libido, or sex drive, while taking the pill.
These side effects are usually their strongest when a woman first begins taking the pill. After two to three cycles, the symptoms are expected to lessen or disappear completely. However, many women still experience the side effects even after they have been taking the pill for an extensive period of time.
Risks Associated With Using the Pill
Women who take the pill have a much higher risk of a heart attack, stroke and blood clots, all of which could become life threatening. Women who have a history of blood clots, heart problems, cancer or liver disease are advised not to take the pill since their risk of the above conditions are heightened.
Taking the pill while pregnant can also result in a miscarriage. Although the birth control pill is designed to prevent ovulation, sometimes ovulation does occur. In this case, a woman could become pregnant while still on the pill. If she does not stop taking the pill, her risk of miscarriage is high. Women who become pregnant shortly after they’ve stopped taking the pill may also have a higher risk of miscarriage.
Taking Medication While on the Pill
Certain medications such as antibiotics and migraine meds may interfere with the ability of the pill to work effectively. This can result in an unplanned pregnancy or even a miscarriage if a woman still takes the pill. A back of method of birth control is advised if a woman elects to take any type of medication, including over-the-counter cold and flu medicines.
Birth Control Pill Risks
There are many side effects and risks associated with taking the hormonal birth control pill. Women should educate themselves and speak with a doctor beforehand to determine if those risks and side effects are worth it. Mood changes are not the only concern when using the pill, and blood clots, heart attacks and strokes do occur in women using the pill.
Sources
Birth Control Comparison, "The Pill" (February 25, 2010)
WebMD, "The Pill and Breast Cancer Risk" (February 25, 2010)
MayoClinic, "Birth Control" (February 25, 2010)
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