Thrush (Vulvovaginal Candidiasis) is a common vaginal infection caused by the Candida fungus. Candida lives harmlessly in the digno estive system and there are several types – albicans being most commonly associated with thrush. Normally the immune system keeps it in check but a bout of illness can alter the vaginal pH levels, which can trigger an outbreak.
Most women will experience at least one episode of thrush, particularly during pregnancy. In medical terms it is described as "uncomplicated" if symptoms are mild and it clears up unaided. "Complicated" thrush requires medication and may be recurrent – up to four times a year. Thrush can also affect men and babies and be located on different areas of the body – mouth thrush, for example.
Vaginal Thrush Symptoms
Common thrush symptoms include:
- An itchy, red, swollen vagina and vulval area. In men, it affects the head of the penis.
- A milky discharge that is watery or thick in consistency like cottage cheese.
- A burning sensation during urination or when having sex.
Even if it is a mild outbreak with a small amount of discharge, the symptoms are uncomfortable and tiring and it can interrupt your sleep. The itch/scratch cycle tends to be worse at nighttime, which makes you feel tired the following day. It's tempting to ignore it and carry on as usual but it's best to see a GP if it's your first outbreak or a recurrent one – to rule out other infections such as bacterial vaginosis, or the STI Trichomonas Vaginalis.
Causes of Thrush
Thrush is caused by a build up of Candida yeast in the body. Other common causes include:
- Pregnancy (changing hormone levels)
- Smoking and excess alcohol
- Douching and vaginal deodorant sprays, or other products containing chemicals, which can upset the pH balance of the vagina if used long-term. It's best to use a natural brand of sanitary pads/tampons such as Natracare, or a reusable menstrual Mooncup, as these won't irritate the vagina.
- Fragranced personal lubricants. Opt for a natural brand such as Yes. Receiving oral sex can be a trigger and you can avoid this by putting a dental dam over the vaginal area.
- Wearing tight jeans and synthetic lingerie.
- Negative stress and a low immune system – rest time is important.
- Antibiotics, steroids and some contraceptive methods such as the pill and coil.
- Sex with an infected partner.
- Vigorous sex can cause tiny fissures in the vaginal area, so use a good quality oil-based lubricant.
Treating Thrush
A GP or sexual health nurse will assess the symptoms and take a sample of any discharge for testing. Thrush can be treated orally or vaginally using tablets, creams or a pessary. This will be a two- to three-day course of anti-fungal medicine, which will clear it up in most cases. Topical treatments such as Canestan are available on prescription, over the counter at a pharmacy or from an online pharmacy.
Always see your GP if you are pregnant and have thrush, as some forms of oral treatment are not suitable for use during pregnancy. They can also interfere with contraceptives such as condoms, the pill, and diaphragms. Generally, most topical treatments are safe to use during pregnancy.
Natural Remedies for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
There are lots of anecdotal holistic methods of treating thrush on the Internet. These may work but there are no scientific studies to prove efficacy. The following may help relieve symptoms:
- Live probiotic natural yoghurt. I found this helpful and cooling during the night when the itching became unbearable and it was hard to sleep. I dabbed it over the affected areas with a cotton bud.
- Use natural tampon/sanitary brands as these use organic cotton and no chemicals, which can irritate the vagina. Add a drop of tea tree oil to the end of the tampon/pad before you use it.
- Herbal remedies such as Wormwood may help – consult a qualified herbalist for an individual prescription.
- Secret Ceres is a natural, antibacterial pelvic stick that can help clear up vaginal infections and rebalance pH.
If you're suffering from recurrent bouts of thrush it's worth asking a holistic nutritionist to assess your diet and lifestyle to see if any changes can be made to strengthen your immune system and help your body detox.
Sources:
Bupa. "Vaginal Thrush" (accessed 15th November 2010).
NHS Choices. "Thrush, Vaginal" (accessed 15th November 2010).
Patient UK. "Vaginal Thrush" (accessed 15th November 2010).
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Disclaimer: The information contained in this article is for educational purposes only and should not be used for diagnosis or to guide treatment without the opinion of a health professional. Any reader who is concerned about his or her health should contact a doctor for advice.
Nicci Talbot - Nicci Talbot is a journalist and author specialising in sex, health & wellbeing. She edits Rude Magazine, an online resource for better ...
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